![]() ![]() ![]() From 1858 at the end of the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War, the US Army protected the migration to Oregon by sending out escorts each spring. ![]() The following year, the US Army mounted the punitive Winnas Expedition. In August 1854, Native attacks on several pioneer trains along the Snake River culminated in the Ward Massacre on August 20, 1854, in which Native Americans killed 21 people. Similar attacks and retaliations took place in the years leading up to the Snake War. In September 1852, Ben Wright and a group of miners responded to an Indian attack by attacking the Modoc village near Black Bluff in Oregon, killing about 41 Modoc. European-American settlers retaliated by attacking Native American villages. From the time of the Clark Massacre, in 1851 the regional Native Americans, commonly called the "Snakes" by the white settlers, harassed and sometimes attacked emigrant parties crossing the Snake River Valley. In October 1851, Shoshone Indians killed eight men in Fort Hall Idaho. Explorers passing through had minimal effect. The conflict was a result of increasing tension over several years between the Native tribes and the settlers who were encroaching on their lands, and competing for game and water. Total casualties from both sides of the conflict numbered 1,762 dead, wounded, or captured. Fighting took place in the states of Oregon, Nevada, and California, and in Idaho Territory. The Snake War (1864–1868) was an irregular war fought by the United States of America against the " Snake Indians," the settlers' term for Northern Paiute, Bannock and Western Shoshone bands who lived along the Snake River. Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859. ![]()
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